Original WAEC Biology Past Questions And Answers (Updated To 2024)

Scoring high in WAEC Biology requires more than just understanding theories; it calls for effective exam preparation. One of the most reliable ways to prepare is by practicing original WAEC Biology past questions and answers, particularly those updated to 2024. These materials offer an accurate reflection of what to expect in the exam and are crucial for mastering the syllabus.

Why Use Original WAEC Biology Past Questions?

Exam Format Familiarity: Knowing the structure of questions—multiple choice, theory, and practical—reduces anxiety.
Focus on High-Yield Topics: Past questions consistently highlight important topics like Cell Biology, Genetics, Human Anatomy, Ecology, and Plant Physiology.
Improved Time Management: Timed practice with authentic questions helps you pace yourself effectively during the exam.
Error Analysis: Reviewing answers sharpens your understanding and prevents repeated mistakes.

Structure of the WAEC Biology Exam

The WAEC Biology exam is typically divided into:

Paper 1: Objective questions testing broad knowledge across the syllabus.
Paper 2: Theory questions requiring detailed understanding, explanations, and application.
Paper 3: Practical or alternative to practical paper focusing on experimental skills, data interpretation, and observation.

Preparing for all three papers is essential for comprehensive success.

Core Topics in 2024 WAEC Biology Past Questions

The 2024 updated past questions emphasize key areas such as:

Cell structure and function
Photosynthesis and respiration
Genetics and evolution
Human anatomy and physiology
Microorganisms and immunity
Ecology and environment
Reproduction in plants and animals
Biotechnology and genetic engineering

Benefits of Using 2024 Updated Biology Past Questions and Answers

Up-to-Date Syllabus Coverage: Reflects the newest curriculum and exam patterns.
Detailed Answer Explanations: Helps clarify complex concepts and question-solving techniques.
Confidence Building: Regular practice fosters exam confidence.

Biology Past Questions and Answers:

The basic unit of life is the:
(a) Atom
(b) Molecule
(c) Cell
(d) Tissue
Answer: (c) Cell
Photosynthesis occurs mainly in the:
(a) Root
(b) Stem
(c) Leaf
(d) Flower
Answer: (c) Leaf
The process by which green plants manufacture their food is called:
(a) Respiration
(b) Photosynthesis
(c) Transpiration
(d) Fermentation
Answer: (b) Photosynthesis
The largest organ in the human body is the:
(a) Liver
(b) Kidney
(c) Skin
(d) Heart
Answer: (c) Skin
The respiratory organ in fish is the:
(a) Gills
(b) Lungs
(c) Skin
(d) Trachea
Answer: (a) Gills
The movement of water from the soil into the root cells is by:
(a) Osmosis
(b) Diffusion
(c) Active transport
(d) Transpiration
Answer: (a) Osmosis
The human blood group that is considered the universal donor is:
(a) A
(b) B
(c) AB
(d) O
Answer: (d) O
Which of these is not a function of the skeleton?
(a) Protection
(b) Support
(c) Production of red blood cells
(d) Digestion
Answer: (d) Digestion
The main functional unit of the kidney is the:
(a) Nephron
(b) Alveolus
(c) Neuron
(d) Glomerulus
Answer: (a) Nephron
The type of blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart is:
(a) Vein
(b) Artery
(c) Capillary
(d) Lymphatic vessel
Answer: (b) Artery
Photosynthetic pigments are located in the:
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Chloroplast
(c) Ribosome
(d) Vacuole
Answer: (b) Chloroplast
The process of releasing energy from food in the presence of oxygen is:
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Respiration
(c) Fermentation
(d) Transpiration
Answer: (b) Respiration
Human DNA is located mostly in the:
(a) Cytoplasm
(b) Nucleus
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Cell membrane
Answer: (b) Nucleus
The part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination is the:
(a) Cerebrum
(b) Cerebellum
(c) Medulla
(d) Hypothalamus
Answer: (b) Cerebellum
Enzymes are:
(a) Proteins
(b) Carbohydrates
(c) Lipids
(d) Vitamins
Answer: (a) Proteins
The hormone that regulates blood sugar level is:
(a) Insulin
(b) Adrenaline
(c) Thyroxine
(d) Estrogen
Answer: (a) Insulin
The producer in a food chain is usually a:
(a) Herbivore
(b) Carnivore
(c) Decomposer
(d) Green plant
Answer: (d) Green plant
The process by which plants lose water vapor through stomata is called:
(a) Osmosis
(b) Transpiration
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Respiration
Answer: (b) Transpiration
The muscular organ that pumps blood around the body is the:
(a) Brain
(b) Heart
(c) Liver
(d) Kidney
Answer: (b) Heart
The part of a cell which controls all activities is the:
(a) Nucleus
(b) Cytoplasm
(c) Cell membrane
(d) Mitochondria
Answer: (a) Nucleus
The primary function of red blood cells is to:
(a) Fight infections
(b) Carry oxygen
(c) Clot blood
(d) Carry carbon dioxide
Answer: (b) Carry oxygen
The eye pigment that helps in night vision is called:
(a) Chlorophyll
(b) Rhodopsin
(c) Hemoglobin
(d) Melanin
Answer: (b) Rhodopsin
The structure that prevents food from entering the windpipe is the:
(a) Esophagus
(b) Epiglottis
(c) Trachea
(d) Pharynx
Answer: (b) Epiglottis
The cells responsible for immunity are:
(a) Red blood cells
(b) Neurons
(c) White blood cells
(d) Platelets
Answer: (c) White blood cells
In human males, sperm is produced in the:
(a) Prostate gland
(b) Testis
(c) Epididymis
(d) Seminal vesicle
Answer: (b) Testis
The energy currency molecule of cells is:
(a) DNA
(b) RNA
(c) ATP
(d) ADP
Answer: (c) ATP
Fungi obtain their food through:
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Absorption
(c) Ingestion
(d) Decomposition
Answer: (b) Absorption
The site of protein synthesis in the cell is the:
(a) Nucleus
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Ribosome
(d) Chloroplast
Answer: (c) Ribosome
The organ that removes old and damaged red blood cells is the:
(a) Liver
(b) Kidney
(c) Spleen
(d) Pancreas
Answer: (c) Spleen
The male reproductive cell is the:
(a) Ovum
(b) Sperm
(c) Zygote
(d) Gamete
Answer: (b) Sperm
Blood glucose level is regulated by:
(a) Adrenaline
(b) Glucagon and insulin
(c) Thyroxine
(d) Estrogen
Answer: (b) Glucagon and insulin
The process by which amoeba engulfs food particles is called:
(a) Diffusion
(b) Osmosis
(c) Phagocytosis
(d) Active transport
Answer: (c) Phagocytosis
The main function of the human liver is to:
(a) Produce insulin
(b) Detoxify harmful substances
(c) Pump blood
(d) Digest protein
Answer: (b) Detoxify harmful substances
Carrier proteins in the cell membrane are involved in:
(a) Passive diffusion
(b) Active transport
(c) Endocytosis
(d) Osmosis
Answer: (b) Active transport
The thick wall of a plant cell that provides support is called the:
(a) Cell membrane
(b) Cell wall
(c) Cytoplasm
(d) Mitochondrion
Answer: (b) Cell wall
Which component of blood helps in clotting?
(a) Red blood cells
(b) White blood cells
(c) Platelets
(d) Plasma
Answer: (c) Platelets
The process of cell division in somatic cells is called:
(a) Meiosis
(b) Mitosis
(c) Fertilization
(d) Differentiation
Answer: (b) Mitosis
The hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy is:
(a) Testosterone
(b) Estrogen
(c) Progesterone
(d) Adrenaline
Answer: (c) Progesterone
Root hairs function mainly to:
(a) Absorb water and minerals
(b) Store food
(c) Transport water
(d) Anchor the plant
Answer: (a) Absorb water and minerals
The main gas that plants take in during photosynthesis is:
(a) Oxygen
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Nitrogen
(d) Hydrogen
Answer: (b) Carbon dioxide
Antibodies are produced by:
(a) Red blood cells
(b) B lymphocytes
(c) Platelets
(d) T lymphocytes
Answer: (b) B lymphocytes
Insects breathe through:
(a) Lungs
(b) Gills
(c) Spiracles and tracheae
(d) Skin
Answer: (c) Spiracles and tracheae
Which of the following is the basic building block of proteins?
(a) Fatty acids
(b) Amino acids
(c) Glucose
(d) Nucleotides
Answer: (b) Amino acids
The function of the stomata in leaves is:
(a) Transport water
(b) Gas exchange
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Support
Answer: (b) Gas exchange
Which part of the nervous system controls voluntary activities?
(a) Autonomic
(b) Central
(c) Somatic
(d) Sympathetic
Answer: (c) Somatic
The process of fertilization in animals takes place in the:
(a) Ovary
(b) Uterus
(c) Oviduct
(d) Vagina
Answer: (c) Oviduct
The largest gland in the human body is the:
(a) Kidney
(b) Liver
(c) Pancreas
(d) Thyroid
Answer: (b) Liver
Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin B
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin K
Answer: (d) Vitamin K
The process by which plants lose water is called:
(a) Transpiration
(b) Respiration
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Evaporation
Answer: (a) Transpiration
In human, fertilization takes place in the:
(a) Ovary
(b) Uterus
(c) Fallopian tube
(d) Cervix
Answer: (c) Fallopian tube
The process of producing offspring in organisms is called:
(a) Metabolism
(b) Reproduction
(c) Respiration
(d) Nutrition
Answer: (b) Reproduction
The green pigment responsible for photosynthesis is:
(a) Chlorophyll
(b) Carotene
(c) Xanthophyll
(d) Anthocyanin
Answer: (a) Chlorophyll
The part of the brain that controls involuntary activities such as breathing and heartbeat is the:
(a) Cerebrum
(b) Cerebellum
(c) Medulla oblongata
(d) Hypothalamus
Answer: (c) Medulla oblongata
Blood cells that fight infection are:
(a) Red blood cells
(b) White blood cells
(c) Platelets
(d) Plasma
Answer: (b) White blood cells
The enzyme responsible for breaking down starch into sugar is:
(a) Pepsin
(b) Amylase
(c) Protease
(d) Lipase
Answer: (b) Amylase
The male reproductive cell is called:
(a) Ovum
(b) Sperm
(c) Zygote
(d) Gamete
Answer: (b) Sperm
The functional unit of the kidney is the:
(a) Nephron
(b) Alveolus
(c) Neuron
(d) Glomerulus
Answer: (a) Nephron
Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin under sunlight?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin C
(c) Vitamin D
(d) Vitamin E
Answer: (c) Vitamin D
Which structure in plant cells stores water and nutrients?
(a) Chloroplast
(b) Nucleus
(c) Vacuole
(d) Ribosome
Answer: (c) Vacuole
The main function of the xylem in plants is:
(a) Transport food
(b) Transport water
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Support
Answer: (b) Transport water
Which part of the eye controls the amount of light entering?
(a) Retina
(b) Cornea
(c) Iris
(d) Lens
Answer: (c) Iris
The process by which plants lose water vapor mainly through the leaves is called:
(a) Transpiration
(b) Respiration
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Guttation
Answer: (a) Transpiration
The process where genetic material is exchanged between two similar chromosomes is:
(a) Mitosis
(b) Meiosis
(c) Crossing over
(d) Fertilization
Answer: (c) Crossing over
Which blood vessels carry blood toward the heart?
(a) Veins
(b) Arteries
(c) Capillaries
(d) Venules
Answer: (a) Veins
The primary site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system is the:
(a) Stomach
(b) Small intestine
(c) Large intestine
(d) Esophagus
Answer: (b) Small intestine
The control center of the cell is the:
(a) Nucleus
(b) Cytoplasm
(c) Mitochondrion
(d) Cell membrane
Answer: (a) Nucleus
Which organisms are classified as decomposers?
(a) Plants
(b) Animals
(c) Fungi
(d) Algae
Answer: (c) Fungi
The vitamin necessary for clotting of blood is:
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin C
(c) Vitamin D
(d) Vitamin K
Answer: (d) Vitamin K
The disease caused by deficiency of vitamin C is:
(a) Rickets
(b) Scurvy
(c) Anemia
(d) Beriberi
Answer: (b) Scurvy
The muscle responsible for breathing movements is the:
(a) Biceps
(b) Diaphragm
(c) Triceps
(d) Abdominal muscle
Answer: (b) Diaphragm
The site where fertilization takes place in human females is the:
(a) Ovary
(b) Uterus
(c) Fallopian tube
(d) Vagina
Answer: (c) Fallopian tube
Blood is composed of:
(a) Plasma only
(b) Red and white blood cells only
(c) Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
(d) Water and nutrients
Answer: (c) Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
The excretory organ in the human body is the:
(a) Liver
(b) Kidney
(c) Lung
(d) Heart
Answer: (b) Kidney
The coiled part of the male reproductive system where sperm mature is:
(a) Vas deferens
(b) Testis
(c) Epididymis
(d) Seminal vesicle
Answer: (c) Epididymis
The mouthparts used by insects to bite and chew are:
(a) Proboscis
(b) Mandibles
(c) Antennae
(d) Labium
Answer: (b) Mandibles
The hormone that controls blood sugar levels is:
(a) Adrenaline
(b) Insulin
(c) Testosterone
(d) Estrogen
Answer: (b) Insulin
The opening on the surface of leaves that allows gas exchange is the:
(a) Stomata
(b) Cuticle
(c) Palisade cells
(d) Epidermis
Answer: (a) Stomata
The nitrogenous base that pairs with adenine in DNA is:
(a) Thymine
(b) Guanine
(c) Cytosine
(d) Uracil
Answer: (a) Thymine
The site where respiration takes place in cells is the:
(a) Nucleus
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Chloroplast
(d) Cytoplasm
Answer: (b) Mitochondria
The term that describes the maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body is:
(a) Metabolism
(b) Homeostasis
(c) Adaptation
(d) Respiration
Answer: (b) Homeostasis
The part of the plant responsible for absorbing mineral nutrients from the soil is the:
(a) Root hair
(b) Stem
(c) Leaf
(d) Flower
Answer: (a) Root hair
The protein responsible for oxygen transport in blood is:
(a) Albumin
(b) Hemoglobin
(c) Myosin
(d) Insulin
Answer: (b) Hemoglobin
The main tissue responsible for transporting water in plants is:
(a) Phloem
(b) Xylem
(c) Collenchyma
(d) Parenchyma
Answer: (b) Xylem
The term used for animals that feed on both plants and animals is:
(a) Herbivores
(b) Carnivores
(c) Omnivores
(d) Decomposers
Answer: (c) Omnivores
The function of ribosomes is:
(a) Protein synthesis
(b) Energy production
(c) Genetic material storage
(d) Transport of substances
Answer: (a) Protein synthesis
In the food chain, the organisms that break down dead matter are called:
(a) Producers
(b) Consumers
(c) Decomposers
(d) Herbivores
Answer: (c) Decomposers
The organ responsible for the filtration of blood in humans is the:
(a) Liver
(b) Kidney
(c) Bladder
(d) Heart
Answer: (b) Kidney
Which vitamin is deficient in rickets?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: (d) D
In flowering plants, fertilization occurs in the:
(a) Ovule
(b) Petal
(c) Ovary
(d) Style
Answer: (a) Ovule
The process by which water evaporates from the leaves is called:
(a) Transpiration
(b) Photosynthesis
(c) Respiration
(d) Diffusion
Answer: (a) Transpiration
The stage of meiosis where crossing over occurs is:
(a) Prophase I
(b) Anaphase I
(c) Metaphase II
(d) Telophase I
Answer: (a) Prophase I
Which organelles are involved in photosynthesis?
(a) Nucleus
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Chloroplasts
(d) Lysosomes
Answer: (c) Chloroplasts
The male gamete in plants is called:
(a) Pollen grain
(b) Ovule
(c) Seed
(d) Fruit
Answer: (a) Pollen grain
Which of the following is not a characteristic of living things?
(a) Growth
(b) Reproduction
(c) Metabolism
(d) Movement towards light
Answer: (d) Movement towards light
The substance that carries genetic information is:
(a) RNA
(b) Protein
(c) DNA
(d) Enzyme
Answer: (c) DNA
The heart is protected by the:
(a) Skin
(b) Rib cage
(c) Diaphragm
(d) Pelvis
Answer: (b) Rib cage
The primary function of white blood cells is to:
(a) Transport oxygen
(b) Fight infections
(c) Clot blood
(d) Store nutrients
Answer: (b) Fight infections
In the human body, bile is produced by the:
(a) Liver
(b) Pancreas
(c) Stomach
(d) Small intestine
Answer: (a) Liver
The sugar found in DNA is:
(a) Glucose
(b) Ribose
(c) Deoxyribose
(d) Fructose
Answer: (c) Deoxyribose
The site for absorption of water in the human body is the:
(a) Stomach
(b) Small intestine
(c) Large intestine
(d) Pancreas
Answer: (c) Large intestine

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Original WAEC Biology Past Questions and Answers (Updated to 2024)